This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of FM among Sudanese physicians and identify factors associated with diagnostic proficiency.

 Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and cognitive disturbances. Diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of definitive biomarkers and overlapping symptoms with other conditions. Physician knowledge, attitudes, and diagnostic confidence play a crucial role in timely recognition and management, yet data from Sudan are limited.

Participants were predominantly young (67% aged 25–30), female (62%), and early-career clinicians (54% with <1 year experience). Most recognized FM as a distinct clinical entity (79%), yet 31% considered it primarily psychological. Only 43% felt confident identifying FM symptoms, and 30% could differentiate it from similar conditions. Awareness of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria was low (75% unaware of both 1990 and 2010/2016 criteria). Commonly recognized symptoms included fatigue (77%) and widespread pain (66%), while cognitive dysfunction (28%), bowel issues (24%), and kinesiophobia (5%) were poorly identified. Treatment awareness was higher, with 90% supporting combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Higher education, senior hospital positions, greater clinical experience, and participation in multiple knowledge sources or CME programs were associated with better awareness.