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Abstract Details

Outcomes of Autoimmune Encephalitis and Myelitis Associated with Immune-checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment
Autoimmune Neurology
P3 - Poster Session 3 (12:00 PM-1:00 PM)
071

To evaluate outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and myelitis associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment

ICI’s augment the immune system and may result in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Less is known about outcomes of AE and myelitis irAEs.

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving ICI between 2011-2024. Patients with AE were included if they had CSF after ICI and met diagnostic criteria. Patients with myelitis were included if they had consistent clinical and spinal MRI features. Descriptive statistics are reported.

Twenty patients were identified (16 AE, 4 myelitis). Median age at symptom onset was 67 years (range 48-86). 11 (55%) were male. Median follow up time from cancer diagnosis to last visit was 41 months (range 3-130). Cancers included renal cell carcinoma in 5 (25%), melanoma in 3 (15%), SCLC in 3 (15%), breast adenocarcinoma in 2 (10%), others in 7 (35%). ICI included ipilimumab/nivolumab in 8 (40%), nivolumab in 4 (20%), pembrolizumab in 4 (20%), atezolizumab in 4 (20%). AE and myelitis irAEs developed at a median of 14 days (range 2-180) from last ICI treatment. Serum neural antibodies included Ma2 (1:3200), CRMP5 (1:3840), MOG (1:100). Other concurrent neurologic irAE included meningitis, cranial neuropathy, polyradiculopathy, myositis in 4 (20%). ICI was discontinued in all but two (90%). All patients received corticosteroids. Four received additional plasmapheresis or IVIG.

Treatment response included partial (62.5%) or no improvement (37.5%) in AE. For myelitis, all patients had partial improvement. Fourteen (70%) died at a median time of 11.5 months (range 0-35) since the onset of irAE. Median mRS at last visit was 2 for the 6 patients that were alive at follow up. Two myelitis patients (50%) were wheelchair-dependent at last visit.

Encephalitis and myelitis irAEs are uncommon but are associated with significant morbidity and poor outcomes despite immunosuppressive treatments.

Authors/Disclosures
Sanem P. Uysal, MD
PRESENTER
Dr. Uysal has nothing to disclose.
Saira Afzal, MD Dr. Afzal has nothing to disclose.
Amy Kunchok, MBBS (Cleveland Clinic - Mellen Centre) Dr. Kunchok has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Neurology:Open Access Journal .