Abstract Details

Title Interleukin-6 Receptor Blockade for Relapse-prevention in MOGAD: A Multicenter Observational Study Across the Americas

Topic Autoimmune Neurology

Presentation(s) P2 - Poster Session 02 (3:00 PM-4:00 PM)
C12 - MOG-antibody Associated Disease (11:01 AM-11:11 AM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 1-026

Objective

To evaluate the impact of IL-6RB therapy on relapse rates in MOGAD and compare relapse frequency with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Background

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) lacks approved relapse-preventive therapies. Observational studies of relapse-prevention in MOGAD can guide clinical practice while approved treatments are awaited and comparative data can assist decision making. Interleukin-6-receptor-blocker (IL-6RB) in MOGAD are often reserved for 2nd- or 3rd-line treatments and used infrequently.

Design/Methods

We conducted an international, multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study across sites in North and South America (1/1/2015-12/31/2025). Outcomes included annualized relapse rate (ARR) during IL-6RB therapy, time-to-next-relapse after treatment initiation, and adverse events. Relapse outcomes were compared with a historical IVIG-treated cohort receiving varying IVIG doses using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), adjusted for age, sex, prior ARR, and concomitant therapies.

Results

We included 116 MOGAD patients (89% relapsing) on IL-6RB (tocilizumab 104[90%], satralizumab 12[10%]); overall, 60% were female and 18% <18 years. The median on-IL-6RB-treatment follow-up was 1.4 years (IQR,0.7-2.5) and 23 relapses occurred during 241.8 years of IL-6RB. The ARR decreased from 0.64 (95%CI, 0.58–0.70) for relapsing MOGAD before IL-6RB to 0.09 (95%CI,0.06–0.14) during IL-6RB treatment (incidence-rate-ratio,0.08[95%CI,0.04–0.16]). Adverse events occurred in 58 (50%), most commonly mild infections, although 10 (9%) had severe infections. In the IVIG cohort (n=59), 30 relapses occurred over 133.8 person-years (ARR, 0.22;95%CI,0.15–0.32). After IPTW, IL-6RB was associated with lower hazard ratio than IVIG <1g/kg-every-4-weeks (HR,4.5;95%CI,2.0–9.8), with no significant difference versus IVIG ≥1g/kg-every-4 weeks (HR, 2.0;95%CI,0.8–4.5).

Conclusions

IL-6RB use in MOGAD was associated with very low relapse rates and a favorable safety profile, although severe infections occurred occasionally. Relapse rates were lower than with IVIG <1 g/kg every 4 weeks, but not significantly different to IVIG ≥1 g/kg every 4 weeks, supporting IL-6RBs as potential relapse-prevention therapy.

Authors/Disclosures
Andreu Vilaseca-Jolonch, MD PRESENTER	Dr. Vilaseca-Jolonch has received research support from Fundación Martín Escudero.
Philippe-Antoine Bilodeau, MD (Massachusetts General Hospital)	The institution of Dr. Bilodeau has received research support from Alexion Pharmaceuticals. The institution of Dr. Bilodeau has received research support from Department of Defense. Dr. Bilodeau has received research support from Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The institution of Dr. Bilodeau has received research support from Ann Theodore Foundation. Dr. Bilodeau has received research support from The MOG Project.
Georgios Gakis, MD	Dr. Gakis has nothing to disclose.
Andrea g. savransky, MD	Ms. savransky has nothing to disclose.
Joao Vitor Mahler, MD	Dr. Mahler has received research support from The Sumaira Foundation.
Linda Nguyen, MD, PhD (UT Southwestern Medical Center)	Dr. Nguyen has nothing to disclose.
Sam Hooshmand, DO (Medical College of Wisconsin)	Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genetech USA. Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics . Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Amgen. Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genetech USA. Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for EMD Serono. Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for TG Therapeutics . Dr. Hooshmand has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen . The institution of Dr. Hooshmand has received research support from Novartis .
Sammita Satyanarayan, MD (Mount Sinai Medical Center)	Dr. Satyanarayan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Health Monitor. Dr. Satyanarayan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for EMD Serono .
Carson Moseley, MD, PhD (University of California, San Francisco)	An immediate family member of Dr. Moseley has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Biogen. An immediate family member of Dr. Moseley has stock in Biogen. Dr. Moseley has received research support from National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Dr. Moseley has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care.
Leah Haley	Ms. Haley has nothing to disclose.
Chantal Roy-Hewitson, MD (University of Vermont Medical Center)	Dr. Roy-Hewitson has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Pharma. Dr. Roy-Hewitson has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Pharma.
Mariano Marrodan, MD (Institute for Neurological Research Raul Carrea. Fleni)	Dr. Marrodan has nothing to disclose.
Adriana Casallas VANEGAS	The institution of Adriana Casallas VANEGAS has received research support from Ectrims .
Analisa Manin (Hospital Ramos Mejia)	Analisa Manin has nothing to disclose.
Haiwen Chen, MD, PhD (Hopkins)	The institution of Dr. Chen has received research support from NINDS. The institution of Dr. Chen has received research support from SRNA.
Fabian Murillo	Mr. Murillo has nothing to disclose.
Yoji Hoshina, MD (University of Utah Health)	Dr. Hoshina has nothing to disclose.
Aniela Grzezulkowska, MD	Dr. Grzezulkowska has nothing to disclose.
Edgar Carnero Contentti	Edgar Carnero Contentti has nothing to disclose.
Lorna Marisalva Galleguillos Goiry	Lorna Marisalva Galleguillos Goiry has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for biogen. Lorna Marisalva Galleguillos Goiry has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for merck. Lorna Marisalva Galleguillos Goiry has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for sanofi.
Margaret E. Upchurch, MD	The institution of Dr. Upchurch has received research support from National MS Society.
Caitlin Tarlton, MD (NSHA)	Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Amgen. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for EMD Serono. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for EMD Serono. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Tarlton has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen.
Chu-Yueh Guo, MD (UCSF Medical Center)	Dr. Guo has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for TG therapeutics.
Michelle Fabian, MD, FAAN (Mount Sinai Hospital)	Dr. Fabian has nothing to disclose.
Akash Virupakshaiah, MD (UCSF)	Dr. Virupakshaiah has nothing to disclose.
Stephanie Syc-Mazurek, MD, PhD (Mayo Clinic)	Dr. Syc-Mazurek has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial Board Resident and Fellows Section with Neurology that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.
Laura Cacciaguerra, MD, PhD (Mayo Clinic)	Dr. Cacciaguerra has nothing to disclose.
Mulan Jiang	Ms. Jiang has nothing to disclose.
Nathane B. Rezende, MD (Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro)	Dr. Rezende has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Dr. Rezende has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Rezende has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Aztrazeneca. Dr. Rezende has received research support from ECTRIMS.
Georgina Arrambide, MD, PhD (Cemcat, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital)	The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for UCB. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Platform Adaptive Trial for remyelination and neuroprotection in mUltiple Sclerosis (PLATYPUS) . The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Sage. The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received research support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with Novartis. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with Roche. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with ECTRIMS. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with EAN. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the Executive Committee with iWiMS that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the steering committee with BioMS-eu that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the steering group with MOGAD Eugene Devic European Network (MEDEN) that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the editorial and scientific committee with Acta Neurológica Colombiana that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the steering committee with CURE-MS that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.
Cesar Caparo, MD	Dr. Caparo has nothing to disclose.
Rafael P. Dias-Carneiro, MD (Private Clinic)	The institution of Dr. Dias-Carneiro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Astra Zeneca. The institution of Dr. Dias-Carneiro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. The institution of Dr. Dias-Carneiro has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Astra Zeneca. The institution of Dr. Dias-Carneiro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen. The institution of Dr. Dias-Carneiro has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche.
Emmanuelle Waubant, MD, PhD, FAAN (USCF MS Center)	The institution of Dr. Waubant has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Waubant has received research support from NMSS. The institution of Dr. Waubant has received research support from PCORI. The institution of Dr. Waubant has received research support from Race to Erase MS. The institution of Dr. Waubant has received research support from Roche. The institution of Dr. Waubant has received research support from Department of Defense. Dr. Waubant has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Laura Ordonez, MD (HOSPITAL ESPANOL)	Dr. Ordonez has nothing to disclose.
Jorge D. Correale, MD (Institute for Neurological Research)	Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for ROche. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Biogen. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Correale has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi-Genzyme. The institution of Dr. Correale has received research support from Merck. The institution of Dr. Correale has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Correale has received research support from Novartis .
Andres M. Villa, MD (Hospital Ramos Mejia)	Dr. Villa has nothing to disclose.
Dean M. Wingerchuk, MD, FAAN (Mayo Clinic)	Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Horizon Therapeutics. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bristol Meyer Squibb. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for UCB Pharma. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for AstraZeneca. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Abcuro. Dr. Wingerchuk has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Wolters Kluwers.
Brenda L. Banwell, MD, FAAN (Johns Hopkins University)	Dr. Banwell has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Banwell has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. Dr. Banwell has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Banwell has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Janssen. Dr. Banwell has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. Dr. Banwell has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. The institution of Dr. Banwell has received research support from National MS Society. The institution of Dr. Banwell has received research support from NIH.
Romain Marignier, MD, PhD (Lyon University Hospital)	Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for ALEXION. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for ROCHE. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for ROCHE.
Sean J. Pittock, MD, FAAN (Mayo Clinic Dept of Neurology)	Dr. Pittock has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Arialys. The institution of Dr. Pittock has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. The institution of Dr. Pittock has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for UCB. The institution of Dr. Pittock has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche/Genentech. The institution of Dr. Pittock has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion/AstraZeneka. The institution of Dr. Pittock has received research support from NIH. Dr. Pittock has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Pittock has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Pittock has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Benjamin M. Greenberg, MD, FAAN (UT Southwestern Medical Center)	Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi/Genzyme. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech/Roche. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Signant. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for IQVIA. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sandoz. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for Clene. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for IQVIA. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Abcuro. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association. Dr. Greenberg has or had stock in GenrAb.Dr. Greenberg has or had stock in Clene.Dr. Greenberg has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Greenberg has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Susan Horsman, PharmD	Dr. Horsman has nothing to disclose.
Jeffrey L. Bennett, MD, PhD, FAAN (University of Colorado School of Medicine)	Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Mitsubishi Tanabe. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Immpact Bio. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Chugai. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Beigene. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Imcyse. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for MIAC. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for CorEvitas. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Vindico. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Touch IME. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Efficient LLC. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Pavich. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Marie Bush. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Marks Gray. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Knight, Nicastro, MacKay. The institution of Dr. Bennett has received research support from Alexion. The institution of Dr. Bennett has received research support from Genentech. Dr. Bennett has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Bennett has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Tracey Cho, MD, FAAN	Dr. Cho has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Kyverna. Dr. Cho has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Delve Bio. Dr. Cho has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for NIH. The institution of an immediate family member of Dr. Cho has received research support from NIH. Dr. Cho has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Stacey Clardy, MD, PhD, FAAN (University of Utah)	Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of University of Utah Health. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for AstraZeneca/Alexion. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Amgen/Horizon. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Arialys. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Kyverna. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Neurology/AAN Publications. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from NIH/NINDS. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from SRNA. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from Alexion/AstraZeneca. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from Kyverna. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a AAN Summer Meeting CoDirector Travel and Lodging with AAN. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Grand Rounds Travel/Lodging/Honoraria with U of Iowa, Miami, Stanford, Barrow, Advent Health Florida, Beaumont Health, CCF, Emory, Penn State Health, Mayo Clinic, Walter Reed.
Andrew Solomon, MD, FAAN	Dr. Solomon has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Solomon has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech/Roche . Dr. Solomon has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals . Dr. Solomon has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Solomon has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. The institution of Dr. Solomon has received research support from Bristol Meyers Squibb.
Ilya Kister, MD, FAAN (NYU School of Medicine)	Dr. Kister has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech-Roche. Dr. Kister has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Horizon. The institution of Dr. Kister has received research support from Genentech. The institution of Dr. Kister has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Kister has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Scott S. Zamvil, MD, PhD, FAAN (University of CA, San Francisco)	Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Genzyme. Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Horizon. The institution of Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for AAN. The institution of Dr. Zamvil has received research support from Sumaira Foundation. Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Advisory Board with Genzyme. Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Advisory Board with Genentech. Dr. Zamvil has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Advisory Board with Alexion.
Jeffrey M. Gelfand, MD, MS, FAAN (University of California, San Francisco)	Dr. Gelfand has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Arialys. Dr. Gelfand has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Ventyx Bio. An immediate family member of Dr. Gelfand has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. The institution of Dr. Gelfand has received research support from Genentech/Roche. The institution of Dr. Gelfand has received research support from Vigil Neurosciences. An immediate family member of Dr. Gelfand has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Gelfand has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Gelfand has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Gelfand has a non-compensated relationship as a Trial Steering Committee Chairperson and member with Roche / Genentech that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.
Pavle Repovic, MD, PhD (Multiple Sclerosis Center)	Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for BristolMyersSquibb. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Genentech. Dr. Repovic has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for TG therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Repovic has received research support from Genentech. The institution of Dr. Repovic has received research support from Biogen.
Ahmed Z. Obeidat, MD, PhD (Medical College of Wisconsin)	Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi/Genzyme . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Horizon pharmaceuticals . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sandoz. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $100,000-$499,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for EMD Serono. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Banner life sciences . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi/genzyme. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Horizon therapeutics . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for TG Therapeutics . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for AstraZeneca. The institution of Dr. Obeidat has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Obeidat has received research support from NMSS and PCORI. Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Expert opinion and key opinion leader with MJH life sciences . Dr. Obeidat has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Faculty Speaker with CMSC. Dr. Obeidat has a non-compensated relationship as a Board member with CMSC that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Obeidat has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial Board Member with IJMSC that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Obeidat has a non-compensated relationship as a Reviewer Editor with Frontiers Neurology that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Obeidat has a non-compensated relationship as a Board of Trustee Member with National MS Society that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.
Kyle M. Blackburn, MD (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)	Dr. Blackburn has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Argenx.
Silvia Tenembaum, MD	Dr. Tenembaum has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech-Roche Inc. . Dr. Tenembaum has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech-Roche Inc. . Dr. Tenembaum has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc. .
John Chen	John Chen has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. John Chen has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen. John Chen has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for UCB.
Elias S. Sotirchos, MD (Johns Hopkins University)	Dr. Sotirchos has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech. Dr. Sotirchos has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Sotirchos has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Amgen. Dr. Sotirchos has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for TG Therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from National Institutes of Health. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from National Multiple Sclerosis Society. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from Sumaira Foundation. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from Genentech. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from UCB. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from Astoria Biologica. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from Ad Scientiam. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from Alexion. The institution of Dr. Sotirchos has received research support from Corevitas. Dr. Sotirchos has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Ad Hoc Reviewer with National Institutes of Health.
Michael Levy, MD, PhD, FAAN (Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School)	Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Mitsubishi Pharma. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for UCB Pharma. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Horizon. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Elsevier. Dr. Levy has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Various law firms. The institution of Dr. Levy has received research support from National Institutes Health.
Eoin P. Flanagan, MBBCh, FAAN (Mayo Clinic)	The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Pharmacy times. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for UCB. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from UCB. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from Roche. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from UCB. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from Merck. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from Roche. Dr. Flanagan has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Flanagan has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of medical Advisory Board with The MOG Project that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial board member with Journal of The Neurologic Sciences that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial board member with Neuroimmunology Reports that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial Board Member with Neurology, Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation (N2) Journal that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial Board Member with Neurology that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.

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