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Abstract Details

Evolution of the Definition of "Autism" in the Twentieth Century
History of Neurology
P05 - (-)
262
BACKGROUND: Autism is now considered a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. While autism is considered a common diagnosis, it is still poorly understood and the clinical features required for diagnosis have evolved over time. Our current diagnostic criteria for autism have provided greater consistency in diagnosis, but at the same time, are often quite different from those used when the condition was first identified. We will describe the changing patterns of autism diagnosis, from a term used for withdrawn schizophrenics to its current DSM-IV definition. Understanding these changes will provide a framework for understanding the current "epidemic" of autism.
DESIGN/METHODS: Pubmed and Google Scholar search with review of DSM.
RESULTS: Autism was first introduced in the medical literature in 1910 (Bleuler) to describe a behavior seen in schizophrenic patients. That view of autism as being related to schizophrenia prevailed (Kanner, 1943; DSM-I, 1952; Bettelheim, 1967) until the 1970s. The thinking that autism is a developmental disorder with early onset and due to an intrinsic disability of social awareness and difficulty with social engagement gained acceptance only in the latter half of the 20th century. A detailed timeline of key publications and their effects on autism thinking will be presented.
CONCLUSIONS: The definition and use or the term "autism" has greatly evolved over the course of the last century to the currently defined by DSM IV criteria. These changes, in turn, have affected the diagnosis and management of this condition.
Authors/Disclosures
Yuliya Snyder, MD (Rochester Regional Health)
PRESENTER 		Dr. Snyder has nothing to disclose.
Jennifer M. Kwon, MD, FAAN (University of Wisconsin) Dr. Kwon has nothing to disclose.
S H. Subramony, MBBS, FAAN (University of Florida) Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Avidity. Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Dyne. Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Lupin. Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Fallonmedica. Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amicus. Dr. Subramony has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Fulcrum. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Reata. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Retrotope. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Acceleron. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Biohaven. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Pharnext. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Fulcrum. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from National Ataxia Foundation. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Friedreich Ataxia Research Alliance. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Muscular Dystrophy Association. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Univ of Rochester, MDA. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Virginia Commonwealth Univ (FDA, Wyck Foundation)). The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Children's Hospital, Philadelphia (FDA). The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Houston Methodist (NIH). The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from NIHR01 AR076060-01A1 . The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from NIH2R42HD089804-04 . The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from NIH R01 AR056973 . The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from FSHD Society. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from AAVANTI BIO. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from COHAV FL State Dept of Health. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Avidity. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from PTC. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Biohaven. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Fulcrum. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Vertex. The institution of Dr. Subramony has received research support from Arthrex.