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Abstract Details

Nilotinib-associated Demyelinating Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
P2 - Poster Session 2 (5:30 PM-6:30 PM)
15-093

To report a case of possible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) associated demyelination.

Therapies targeting genetic mutations have revolutionized cancer treatments in recent years, allowing for a targeted, non-toxic approach to chemotherapy. However, with these new therapies have come unanticipated side effects. Nilotinib has been associated with a variety of side effects of uncertain etiology.

A 62-year-old woman with medical history significant for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on maintenance nilotinib for the previous 5 years presented with a ten day history of descending weakness and subjective sensory loss, followed by dyspnea requiring emergent intubation. Neurologic exam revealed quadriparesis and areflexia with a seemingly intact though limited sensory exam. Initial MRI of the C spine was motion degraded but concerning for possible abnormality at C2. Lumbar puncture demonstrated albuminocytologic dissociation with protein 82mg/dL and 9 WBCs/uL. Nilotinib was discontinued due to case reports of association with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was initiated. Subsequent examination revealed a C2 sensory level with quadriplegia, and repeat MRI now demonstrated clear T2 signal abnormalities extending from C2-C7. MRI brain was without demyelination. Further negative work up included aquaporin-4 antibodies, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies, Mayo clinic cerebrospinal fluid paraneoplastic and autoimmune panels.  The patient developed only minimal upper extremity improvement and required tracheostomy with subsequent transfer to a ventilator facility.

N/A

TKIs including nilotinib and dasatinib have been implicated in causing both CNS and PNS demyelinating disease. The mechanism behind these reactions is not well-elucidated but is postulated to be autoimmune. Early recognition of potential severe side effects and alteration of therapy can significantly improve outcomes.
Authors/Disclosures
Casey J. Judge, DO
PRESENTER
Dr. Judge has nothing to disclose.
Negar Moheb, MD (Lehigh Valley Fleming Neuroscience Institute) Dr. Moheb has nothing to disclose.
Christopher Melinosky, MD (Lehigh Valley Health Network) Dr. Melinosky has nothing to disclose.