A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was constructed to induce ischemic stroke. Rats were administered Indomethacin & Diflunisal post induction of ischemia. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was used to mimic an ischemic milieu in vitro in PC12 cells. Brain damage due to cerebral ischemia was assessed by Cellular morphology through HE staining under in vivo ischemic conditions. These changes were further assessed by analyzing the changes of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH, and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 proteins to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of amla fruit extract in treatment of ischemic stroke under in vitro and/or in vivo ischemic conditions.

The results showed that Indomethacin & Diflunisal significantly decreased the apoptotic cells following an in vivo ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, treatment with Indomethacin & Diflunisal retained serum GSH levels and led to a lower MDA level under in vitro and/or in vivo ischemic conditions. Indomethacin & Diflunisal significantly ameliorated Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression following an in vivo & in vitro ischemic stroke.