We identified our CA patient subset from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for years 2008-2014 using codes (DX1 = 427.5) and with a diagnosis or procedure code for TH (ICD-9 780.65, procedure code 99.81)  from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition.

Univariate analysis was performed to compare patients with CA treated with and without TH for age, gender,  medical comorbidities, APR-DRG (All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups) severity, in hospital complications and procedures, length of stay (LOS), total hospital charges, in-hospital mortality.  In the multivariable  analysis, patients who did not receive TH served as control group. We adjusted the analyses for age, co-morbidities and APRDRG severity

Of 1,088,1601hospitalized patients with CA, 35,995 were treated with TH (3.31%).
In univariate analysis patients without TH had a disease severity, survival with moderate to severe disability, and in-hospital mortality compared to CA without TH. TH also lead to higher hospital charges, shorter mean LOS. In multivariable analysis after adjustments, in-hospital mortality [1.433 (1.358-1.513)] and survival with moderate to severe disability [1.171 (1.063-1.289)] remained higher among those treated with TH