The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a plausible B term that connect Veratrum album (A term) with epilepsy (C term) because a) Veratrum album (ssp. viriscens) contains dihydroveratramine, which has in vitro Hh inhibitory activity. In addition, Veratrum album probably have other active Hh pathway inhibitors. b) Sonic Hh (sHh) is quickly released and its pathway activated in response to epileptic, but not physiological, stimuli. The inhibition of sHh signaling greatly reduces epileptiform activity in both cell cultures and hippocampal slices. In addition, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of sHh signaling markedly suppresses epileptic phenotypes in kindling or pilocarpine models. Finally, temporal lobe epilepsy upregulates the expression of sHh in temporal neocortex. A similar finding has been reported in rats.