Thyroid hormones play an important role in the development and maturation of the central nervous symptom and their failure in the prenatal period leads to irreversible brain damage, however, their effect on the brain of an adult has not been fully studied. With the discovery of neurogenesis in the adult brain many recent studies have been focused on understanding the basic mechanisms controlling this process.

We used the pathway-specific PCR array (Neurotrophins and Receptors RT² Profiler PCR Array, QIAGEN, Germany) to identify and validate neurogenesis regulatory genes expression in patients with thyroid pathology and control group. They were divided into 3 groups: group 1 included 16 patients with postoperative hypothyroidism; group 2 included 65 patients with hypothyroidism resulting from autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT); and group 3 included 72 patients with AIT and elevated serum an anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies.

The finding indicates that a decrease of thyroid hormones and a high level of autoantibodies such as anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody influence the expression mRNA neurogenesis-regulated genes in patients with thyroid pathology.