Demographical and epidemiological transitions have been related to the prevalence of chronic illnesses including neurological diseases. There is a lack of epidemiological data regarding the frequency of these pathologies in Latin-America and especially in Colombia, where the latest national study was carried out in the last century.

This is a cross-sectional study based on administrative data provided by the Ministry of Health (2015-2017). Prevalences were calculated and standardized to the global population distribution. Sociodemographic differences were analyzed through an inferential approach.

The median prevalence increase between 2015 and 2017 was 19.38% and higher prevalences were obtained for the most populated cities. Age-adjusted prevalences, per 100.000 inhabitants, were: Migraine 2170 (95% CI 2164-2176); epilepsy 586 (95% CI 583-589); Alzheimer's disease 387 (95% CI 384-389); stroke 263 (95% CI 260-265); Parkinson's disease 91 (95% CI 90-93), multiple sclerosis 19 (95% CI 18-19); myasthenia gravis 11 (95% CI 11-11); meningitis 10 (95% CI 9-10); Guillain-Barré syndrome 9 (95% CI 8-9); and motor neuron disease 6 (95% CI 5-6).