To add to the of the available data by retrospectively reviewing all status epilepticus presentations to KFHU.

Status epilepticus (SE) represents a life-threatening neurological emergency. It can be primarily convulsive or nonconvulsive. This study identifies the prevalence, related etiologies, medications used, needs for mechanical ventilation, and Gender-based outcome for patients presented with SE to King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU). 

This is a retrospective study conducted at KFHU reviewing all charts of patients presented with seizure disorder between 2000 and 2020. Of those, patients diagnosed with SE were included.

Out of 1200 charts for epilepsy patients, 169 (14.1%) presented with SE. Of those, 113 (66.7%) are males. Median age is 53.6 years (18 - 109 years). CSE was the presentation in 110 (65.0%), generalized in 52 (+EEG in 41) and focal in 40 (+EEG in 31), followed by NCSE 55 (32.5%) supported by  EEG (generalized in 10, unilateral in 16). Overlapping of CSE and NCSE found in 30, generalized in 12 and focal in 14. 

SE found to be more in males (CSE 43.2% vs NCSE 30.1%) than females (CSE 21.9% vs NCSE 14.2%). Intracranial hemorrhage is the most common related etiology (21). Benzodiazipine as 1st line therapy prescribed for 94 (Midazolam 46, Lorazepam 29, Diazepam 19). Most common used second line Anti-epileptic is Levetiracetam (56), followed by Phenytoin (42), and Carbamazepine (24). 

MV was used in 51 (43% died). Death declared in 38 (22.4%), more among males (32), CSE presentation (25). Of those died, Midazolam was 1st benzodiazepine administered in 23 (50%), followed by Lorazepam in 8 (28%), and then Diazepam in 7 (37%).

SE is more in males. Intracrnial hemorrhage is the commonest etiology. Midazolam administered the most as first line anti-epileptic. Mortality is higher among males, CSE presentation, Midazolam group, and in those needed MV.