The Papageorgiou lab has developed an individualized real-time fMRI closed-loop-neuromodulation (iRTfMRI-cNMT) to upregulate sensorimotor brain networks that regulate tongue motor and sensory control (TMSC). We elucidate the spatiotemporal mechanisms involved in the brain’s modularity when targeting sensorimotor networks.

Participants (n=30) underwent a two-day-study, consisting of iRTfMRI-cNMT and control-No-cNMT conditions. We decoded the cortical patterns generated by TMSC, interleaved with periods of tongue-rest (baseline) and swallow. Our innovation is the neuromodulation of the activity’s magnitude and extent in individualized networks. We quantify the BOLD magnitude for each network, using the area under the curve (AUC), variance, and dynamic causal modeling.