Abstract Details

Title Characterization of the Common Symptomology and Great Mimickers of Autoimmune Encephalitis

Topic Autoimmune Neurology

Presentation(s) P4 - Poster Session 4 (8:00 AM-9:00 AM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 6-011

Objective To identify clinical and systemic variables associated with mimickers of Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE).

Background The classical presentation of AE includes acute or subacute onset of impaired memory and cognition, in combination with progressive neurologic symptoms which may include abnormal movements, seizures, psychosis, and balance, speech, or vision problems. However, diagnosis can be challenging due to broad differential diagnoses and variable presentations of patients with suspected AE. Greater awareness of AE has led to increased consideration of AE as a potential etiology of neurologic symptoms, and accordingly, misattribution of symptoms to AE in some instances.

Design/Methods We performed a single-center retrospective chart review of 212 patients from the University of Utah Health identified by query of the ICD-10 code G04.81: Other encephalitis and encephalomyelitis between January 2012- August 2022, which is the diagnostic code inclusive of AE and other related or nonspecific encephalitis.

Results We describe the patient demographics of this cohort, as well as relevant clinical data including the predominant presenting symptom(s), cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, electroencephalography and neuroaxis imaging findings, suspected initial diagnosis, timing and duration of treatment interventions (including immunomodulatory therapy), final diagnosis, and outcomes.

Conclusions The diagnosis of AE remains challenging, especially in patient presentations with a predominant psychiatric phenotype at onset, or in those with atypical features. Recognition of the most common pitfalls to diagnosis and disease mimics may improve timely and accurate recognition of causative etiologies and help to direct the most appropriate treatments and interventions.

Authors/Disclosures
Riya A. Soneji (University of Utah) PRESENTER	Miss Soneji has nothing to disclose.
Sarah Shapiro (Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine)	Miss Shapiro has nothing to disclose.
Melissa A. Wright, MD (University of Utah)	Dr. Wright has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis .
Sama Noroozi Gilandehi, MD	Dr. Noroozi Gilandehi has nothing to disclose.
Trieste Francis	Miss Francis has nothing to disclose.
Tammy L. Smith, MD, PhD (Imaging and Neurosciences Center)	Dr. Smith has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for EMD Serono. The institution of Dr. Smith has received research support from Alexion/AstraZeneca.
Ka-Ho Wong (U of U Neurology Clinic)	The institution of Mr. Wong has received research support from The Sumaira Foundation . The institution of Mr. Wong has received research support from The Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association.
Stacey Clardy, MD, PhD, FAAN (University of Utah)	Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of University of Utah Health. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for AstraZeneca/Alexion. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Amgen/Horizon. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Arialys. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Kyverna. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Neurology/AAN Publications. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from NIH/NINDS. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from SRNA. The institution of Dr. Clardy has received research support from Alexion/AstraZeneca. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a AAN Summer Meeting CoDirector Travel and Lodging with AAN. Dr. Clardy has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Grand Rounds Travel/Lodging/Honoraria with U of Iowa, Miami, Stanford, Barrow, Beaumont Health, CCF, Emory, Penn State, Mayo Clinic, Walter Reed.

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