Prompt treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in pediatric patients is associated with improved outcomes, but diagnosis remains challenging. Heterogeneity in presentations, variability based on age, and broad differential diagnoses of associated symptoms in the pediatric population can complicate timely and accurate identification of the disease.

Pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis often have an evolution of symptoms, extensive diagnostic evaluations, and multiple encounters with the healthcare system prior to confirmation of diagnosis. Factors associated with prolonged time until diagnosis may aid in identifying those at risk for diagnostic delays. Additionally, recognition of the path to diagnosis these children often take may help physicians better understand the challenges and stressors patients and families face, not only following a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, but also leading up to it.