Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapeutics targeting amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau have been associated with unclear clinical benefits. Chronic inflammation is thought to induce insulin resistance and promote neurodegenerative proteinopathies to compromise cognition. NE3107 is an oral, blood-brain?permeable molecule that selectively inhibits inflammatory mediators and improves insulin signaling. NE3107 increased insulin sensitivity and restored metabolic homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes and inflammation and altered inflammatory biomarkers that have been associated with cognitive decline.

We conducted an open-label, phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NE3107 in patients with dementia.

Twenty-three participants were enrolled and received 20-mg oral NE3107 twice daily for 3 months. Participants were 50-89 years old with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia (Quick Dementia Rating Scale [QDRS] cutoff range: 1.5-12.5; Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] score range: 0.5-1). Cognitive functioning (clinical outcomes) was evaluated at baseline and upon treatment completion using the QDRS, CDR score (estimated by the QDRS), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 12, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Additionally, participants, caregivers, and clinicians were asked to report a Global Rating of Change.