A group of experts on deglutition, respiratory function, physical therapy, nutrition, and neurology, and Novartis Gene Therapies staff defined bulbar function as the ability to establish verbal communication skills and to swallow to orally meet nutritional needs and maintain airway protection. Four endpoints were selected to represent key components of bulbar function: (1) achievement of item #6 or above on the Bayley Expressive Communication subtest, (2) receiving full oral nutrition, (3) absence of clinician-identified (clinical/fluoroscopic) markers of physiologic swallowing impairment, and (4) absence of adverse events relating to respiratory health (aspiration/aspiration pneumonia). Because communication skills were not assessed during SPR1NT, numbers/percentages of children who achieved each of the three available endpoints and all three endpoints (composite endpoint) were descriptively assessed. Last follow-up was at 18 and 24 months of age for children with two and three SMN2 copies, respectively.