We conducted a retrospective cohort study employing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registration data from 2000-2020. We compared Asian American (AA) patients with the Non-Hispanic White (NHW) group. We further disaggregated the AA group geographically: East Asian (EA; encompassing Chinese, Japanese, and Korean), South Asian (SA; comprising Indian, and Pakistani), and Southeast Asian (SEA; including Filipino, Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, Cambodian). Our analysis employed Logistic and Competitive Risk regressions, yielding adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and adjusted Hazards Ratios (aHR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We considered patient characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, rurality, income, and survival months), and cancer attributes (grade, stage, metastases, and diagnosis year).

The results revealed that SA (p = 0.009) and SEA (p = 0.028) backgrounds are significantly associated with higher glioma grading in our multivariate logistic regression model. When adjusted for age and sex, the survival likelihood of various AA subgroups with glioma exhibited significant temporal variations. The survival probability at 100 months of follow-up ranged from around 50% for the Other Asian subgroup to less than 25% for East, South, and Southwest Asians.

This study highlights the intricate interplay among the varying prevalence, severity, and prognosis of glioma across different AA subgroups. This emphasizes the critical need for tailored interventions and targeted research efforts.