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Abstract Details

Symptomatic Hypothalamic-Pituitary Involvement in Neurosarcoidosis Portends Poor Outcomes
Autoimmune Neurology
P1 - Poster Session 1 (12:00 PM-1:00 PM)
051

To delineate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of hypothalamic-pituitary neurosarcoidosis.  

While encephalic disease in neurosarcoidosis is associated with higher morbidity, identification of the specific structures contributing to disability remains unknown. Historically, those with hypothalamic-pituitary involvement require life-long neurological and endocrine follow-up and may represent a high-risk phenotype.

Patients with definite or probable neurosarcoidosis involving the hypothalamus and pituitary were included if follow-up duration exceeded 12 months.

14 patients were included (median age 38; female 9/14; Black 13/14) and diagnostically supported by systemic (11/14) and neurologic (3/14) biopsies. Systemic involvement was present in all patients and commonly included the hilar lymph nodes (12/14), pulmonary parenchyma (8/14), and sinuses (5/14). Patients typically presented chronically (median delay 75 days) with concurrent neurologic and systemic sarcoidosis (9/14) and hypothalamic-pituitary involvement as the inaugural manifestation (7/14). Headache (12/14), memory deficits (9/14), polyuria (8/14), polydipsia (7/14), vision impairment (7/14), and temperature dysregulation (6/14) were common complaints. Of those with MRI at symptom onset (12/12), abnormalities were seen in the hypothalamus (enhancement 12/12, expansile mass 8/12), infundibulum (thickening 12/12, enhancement 11/12), and pituitary (7/12 both anterior and posterior pituitary, 2/12 suprasellar extension). Adjacent structures (leptomeninges 10/12, optic chiasm 7/12, mammillary bodies 8/12) were commonly involved, and almost all (11/12) had non-hypothalamic-pituitary cranial neuroinflammation. Elevated serum ACE and CSF WBC were present in 5/11 and 10/11 patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 66 months, the median EDSS was 6.25, all patients with HPA dysfunction (12/14) remained on hormone replacement and/or glucocorticoids, 11/14 patients relapsed, and a median of 2 (range 0-5) steroid-sparing immunosuppressants were utilized.  

Hypothalamic-pituitary neurosarcoidosis presents chronically in association with systemic and non-hypothalamic-pituitary neuroinflammation. Its disease course is characterized by accrual of significant disability with high risk for relapse, and almost all patients require long-term hormone replacement therapy and glucocorticoid treatment.
Authors/Disclosures
Max Herman, MD (Mayo Clinic)
PRESENTER
Dr. Herman has nothing to disclose.
Hang Shi, MD Dr. Shi has nothing to disclose.
James Greene, MD, PhD (Emory University) Dr. Greene has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Medlink Neurology.
Spencer Hutto, MD (Emory University: Neurology Residency Program) Dr. Hutto has nothing to disclose.