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Abstract Details

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Associated Atypical Painful Axonal Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy
Neuro-oncology
P3 - Poster Session 3 (12:00 PM-1:00 PM)
042

To discuss two atypical cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor neurotoxicity. 

Peripheral neuropathies are rare complications of ICI therapy, occurring in <1% of the patients. Acute demyelinating neuropathy is more commonly reported ICI-mediated neuropathy whereas, axonal sensory motor neuropathy is rarely observed in (5/23 patients) described by chen et al. We report atypical presentations of painful axonal polyneuropathy in two unique cases associated with ICI therapy.

Retrospective chart review.

Case-1: A 76-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma presents with severe bilateral neuropathic pain and numbness in his lateral three fingers with significant loss of function after cycle 1 of anti-PD1. On the exam, he had a positive Tinel’s and Phalen’s test. Creatine kinase and LDH were normal. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed moderate-to-severe axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with bilateral median and ulnar nerve involvement up to the level of forearms. His findings were atypical for the commonly observed median nerve injury at the wrist. He reported gradual improvement and restoration of function with steroids and IVIG. 

Case-2: A 77-year-old man with history of metastatic prostate cancer on anti-PD-1 treatment presented with bilateral severe neuropathic pain and weakness in the lower extremities for 2 weeks. Creatine kinase, myoglobin, and aldolase levels were normal. The examination revealed diffuse motor weakness, reduced sensory modalities, and absent bilateral reflexes in the lower extremities. Electrodiagnostic study showed mild-to-moderate axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy contrary to suspected demyelinating polyradiculopathy. Lumbar puncture demonstrated hyperproteinorrachia. He was treated with steroids and plasmapheresis. He reported improvement in weakness with residual paresthesia.

ICI-mediated axonal sensorimotor neuropathies are rare. Common differential diagnosis must be ruled out prior to the diagnosis of ICI-mediated neurotoxicity. Severe neuropathic pain has been associated with axonal neuropathy on contrary to demyelinating neuropathy in ICI mediated neurotoxicity. The underlying mechanism may be due to CD 8+ mediated cytotoxic direct axonal loss.

Authors/Disclosures
Ashwin Achuthaprasad, MD
PRESENTER
Dr. Achuthaprasad has nothing to disclose.
Anza Zahid, MD, MBBS (Houston Methodist Hospital) Dr. Zahid has nothing to disclose.
Karin Woodman, MD (M. D. Anderson Cancer Center) Dr. Woodman has nothing to disclose.