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Abstract Details

Drug-Induced Hearing Loss
Neuro-ophthalmology/Neuro-otology
P3 - Poster Session 3 (12:00 PM-1:00 PM)
101

The purpose of this review is to summarize drugs reported to have hearing loss side effects and to explore the possible pathophysiology for better treatments and prevention options in the future.

Hearing loss is one presentation of ototoxicity and can be caused by many drugs. It is devastating, especially in children during language acquisition, in addition to long-term economic and social impacts. Intrauterine exposure to drugs such as aminoglycosides and loop diuretics can elicit a significant impact on the fetus causing hearing loss by the age of two.

A literature search was performed using PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register for controlled trials. Keywords or phrases were “drug-induced ototoxicity”, “treatments for ototoxicity”, “mechanisms of action of ototoxic drugs”, “ototoxic agents”, “prevention of ototoxicity”, and “Animal model of ototoxicity”.

The top drugs inducing hearing loss include antimicrobials (aminoglycosides, vancomycin, anti-malaria drugs), platinum and other anticancer drugs (cisplatin, methotrexate), etc. The possible mechanisms are nerve demyelination, apoptosis via caspase cascade, glutamate toxicity, reactive oxidative species, inner ear hypo-perfusion, ion disturbance on the background of gene mutations, and increased permeability of triggered drugs. If multiple trigger drugs are used simultaneously, the risk of hearing loss will be increased. Intrauterine exposure to aminoglycosides and loop diuretics has been incriminated to cause hearing loss in children by age two. 

The current study will alert physicians of drug-induced hearing loss and the risk assessment for certain populations. Because hearing loss could be irreversible in some cases, avoiding the concomitant use of multiple triggered drugs should be recommended to reduce this side effect. Additionally, treatment with these drugs should start at the lowest dose. Finally, it is worth noting that there is a greater need for experiments and clinical trials to investigate the mechanism of drug-induced hearing loss and the strategies to prevent this side effect.

Authors/Disclosures
Charlotte Mattson
PRESENTER
Miss Mattson has nothing to disclose.
Nathan Olson No disclosure on file
Ysatis Ruiz No disclosure on file
Qing Zhong (Rocky Vista University) No disclosure on file