Abstract Details

Title A Review of Associated Factors for BMI and Encephalitis

Topic Autoimmune Neurology

Presentation(s) P3 - Poster Session 3 (12:00 PM-1:00 PM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 012

Objective To determine the impact of BMI on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with encephalitis.

Background Body mass index (BMI) may be used to stratify risk in a variety of medical conditions. Obesity affects 30% of the world’s population and may cause low-inflammatory states that are linked to autoimmune conditions. Low BMI has been associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. The clinical and prognostic impact of BMI in adults with encephalitis is unknown.

Design/Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of adults diagnosed with encephalitis from 2005-2022 at two institutions between 2005 and 2022 using the International Encephalitis Consortium inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into groups based on BMI: underweight (BMI<18.5), normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), and obese (>30). We collected data on demographic features, presenting clinical features, diagnostic findings, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

Results

Of 628 patients, 3.8% were underweight, 35.7% were normal weight, 29.5% were overweight, and 31.1% were obese. Patients who were underweight were more likely to be immunocompromised (p=0.003), had a lower GCS score at presentation (p=0.012), and higher inpatient mortality (p<0.001). Patients who were obese were more likely to be female (p=0.05) and to have CSF pleocytosis > 50 (p<0.001), serum leukocytosis >11,000 (p = 0.02), and sleep disturbances (p=0.039). Obese patients had unfavorable outcomes with a Glasgow Outcome Score < 4 (p<0.001); however, they were more likely to survive their hospitalization (p=0.018).

Conclusions Underweight patients were more likely to be immunosuppressed, present with lower GCS and was associated with inpatient mortality; while obese adults presented with higher CSF pleocytosis and leukocytosis and was associated with more neurological sequelae but with lower inpatient mortality.

Authors/Disclosures
Megan Goyal, MD PRESENTER	Miss Goyal has nothing to disclose.
Marina Shenouda	Miss Shenouda has nothing to disclose.
Ralph Habis, MD (Johns Hopkins School of Medicine)	Dr. Habis has nothing to disclose.
John Probasco, MD, FAAN (The Johns Hopkins Hospital)	Dr. Probasco has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for NEJM Clinician. The institution of Dr. Probasco has received research support from Roche/Genentech.
Arun Venkatesan, MD, PhD (Johns Hopkins Hospital)	Dr. Venkatesan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Janssen Pharmaceuticals. The institution of Dr. Venkatesan has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Venkatesan has received research support from U.S. DOD.
Rodrigo Hasbun	Rodrigo Hasbun has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biomeriaux. The institution of Rodrigo Hasbun has received research support from Biomeriaux.
Rajesh K. Gupta, MBBS (UTHealth)	Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose.

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