Abstract Details

Title Epilepsy Etiology in a Latin American Cohort using the 2017 ILAE Classification

Topic Epilepsy/Clinical Neurophysiology (EEG)

Presentation(s) P10 - Poster Session 10 (5:00 PM-6:00 PM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 9-009

Objective To determine the etiologies of epilepsy in a cohort of patients in Latin America using the 2017 ILAE classification.

Background Epilepsy is linked to multiple causes, including traumatic brain injuries, infections, neoplasms, and genetic factors (1,2). Identifying the underlying etiology could influence diagnosis, prognosis, and management. (3,4).

Design/Methods An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with epilepsy at NINN from 2021 to 2024. SPSS® 29 was used for data analysis. For quantitative variables mean and standard deviation Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used; while frequencies and percentages and T-test or Mann Whitney U were used for numerical variables.

Results

500 patients were included, 213 (42.6%) male, mean age 36.21±13.43 years (range 15 - 79). Mean epilepsy duration 13.94 ± 6.815 years (range 1-21). 331 (66.2%) had focal seizures, 138 (27.6%) had focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, 18 (3.6%) had combined focal and generalized seizures, and 10 (2%) had seizures of unknown origin.

Regarding etiology: 294 (58.8%) were structural, 125 (25%) unknown, 78 (15.6%) genetic, 19 (3.8%) immune-related, 8 (1.6%) infectious and 3 (0.6%) metabolic. 27 (5.4%) patients had more than one etiology.

Patients with a family history of epilepsy showed a higher likelihood of a genetic etiology (p< 0.001). Mean age of patients with a structural etiology (38.98 ± 13.803 years) was significantly higher than patients with genetic etiology ( 30 ± 10.585 years) (p < 0.001). 84.4% ( 248 ) with focal epilepsy had a structural etiology (p<0.001), while 67.9% ( 54 ) with generalized epilepsy had a genetic etiology (p<0.001).

Conclusions Epilepsy is a multifactorial disease, with diagnoses involving overlapping etiologies, as recognized in the 2017 ILAE classification. Structural etiology was the most frequent, with older age and focal seizure whereas genetics had more family history, younger age, and generalized seizures.

Authors/Disclosures
Irving Fuentes PRESENTER	Mr. Fuentes has nothing to disclose.
Jimena Gonzalez Salido, MD	Miss Gonzalez Salido has nothing to disclose.
Jimena Colado, MD	Dr. Colado has nothing to disclose.
Fernando Vasquez Lopez, MD	Dr. Vasquez Lopez has nothing to disclose.
Betsy C. Vazquez, MD	Dr. Vazquez has nothing to disclose.
Luis A. Marin-Castañeda, Sr. (INNN)	Mr. Marin-Castañeda has nothing to disclose.
Mijail A. Rivas, Sr., MD (Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Juarez)	Dr. Rivas has nothing to disclose.
Eithel A. Valenzuela Mendivil	Eithel A. Valenzuela Mendivil has nothing to disclose.
Salvador Martinez-Medina, MD	Dr. Martinez-Medina has nothing to disclose.
Mario Sebastian-Diaz, MD, PhD	Dr. Sebastian-Diaz has nothing to disclose.
Iris E. Martinez-Juarez, MD (Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía)	No disclosure on file

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