To assess whether mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) improve cognition in post-TBI patients.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions globally, often leading to significant cognitive impairments. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in promoting neuroplasticity and enhancing cognitive flexibility. This review aims to clarify the impact of MBIs on cognitive recovery in TBI patients. It addresses a gap in rehabilitation strategies.

The study was a systematic review of RCTs and pilot studies. It aimed to synthesize evidence on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). Specifically, it looked at their effects on cognitive performance in TBI patients. Following PRISMA guidelines ensured rigor and transparency. A literature search was done on PubMed, Cochrane, Consensus AI, and Scopus. The search used relevant keywords and MeSH terms. These included "mindfulness-based interventions," "cognitive performance," and "traumatic brain injury." Boolean operators combined the terms for better results.

Of 519 screened studies, five (117 patients) met the criteria. There were two RCTs and three pilot studies on MBIs for TBI. Results of RCTs showed that MBIs generally improve cognitive functions. One study found a big drop in cognitive failures at a 12-month follow-up, compared to controls. Another one showed improved cognitive, attention, and delayed memory after a MoCA and RBANS test. Pilot studies linked more mindfulness practice outside class to better attention. It also found a rise in self-efficacy for managing thoughts and emotions. Attention improved, but there were discrepancies in effects on memory. An analysis of BDI-II scores revealed big gains in the cognitive-affective domain. The somatic domain showed no changes.

MBIs show promise in improving cognitive functions in TBI patients. The few studies show a need for more research. It should explore the treatments' effectiveness and long-term effects. This addresses a gap in TBI rehabilitation strategies.