Abstract Details

Title GLP-1 Receptor Agonists vs. SGLT2 Inhibitors and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Topic Aging, Dementia, and Behavioral Neurology

Presentation(s) N3 - Neuroscience in the Clinic: The Connection Between GLP and GIP Medications and Brain Health: A New Frontier (2:10 PM-2:20 PM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 002

Objective To evaluate whether the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2).

Background People with DM2 have an increased risk of AD. GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i have emerged as potential interventions to prevent AD and dementia and help improve the knowledge of its physiopathology.

Design/Methods PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort, and case-control studies between January 1, 2006, and April 15, 2025, comparing GLP-1RA and/or SGLT2i in adults with DM2 without cognitive impairment at baseline. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria (1 RCT and 14 cohort studies). The primary outcome was AD and dementia, assessed through cognitive scores and effect measures such as hazard ratio (HR). Secondary outcomes were HbA1C levels and their relation to cognitive protection. A regression analysis was performed to assess the variables that could explain the result obtained.

Results GLP-1RA and SGLT2i consistently demonstrated a reduced risk of AD (HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75–0.94) and dementia (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72–0.87) compared to other glucose-lowering therapies, with moderate/high heterogeneity and moderate certainty. Also, no statistically difference was assessed between a direct comparison of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i (HR =1.13; 95% CI, 0.76–1.68), and higher baseline HbA1C levels could suggest a lower HR for AD risk.

Conclusions These findings reinforce the potential of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i as therapeutic options for slowing cognitive decline in DM2, depending on glycemic modulation.

Authors/Disclosures
Carolina B. Moura, MD (Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro) PRESENTER	Dr. Moura has nothing to disclose.
Levi L. Silva	Dr. Silva has nothing to disclose.
Maria E. Valverde, Student	Miss Valverde has nothing to disclose.
Anderson Matheus P da Silva, Sr., PhD	Prof. P da Silva has nothing to disclose.
Luana Diniz Guerra Braz	Miss Diniz Guerra Braz has nothing to disclose.
Kauã da Silva, Medical student	Mr. da Silva has nothing to disclose.
Emanuel M. Aguiar, MD	Mr. Aguiar has nothing to disclose.
Vitor D. Volta	Dr. Volta has nothing to disclose.
Clara Oliveira	Miss Oliveira has nothing to disclose.
Filipi F. Andreão	Mr. Andreão has nothing to disclose.
Henrique D. Rodrigues Cal, MD (Hosp Copa D'Or)	Dr. Rodrigues Cal has nothing to disclose.
Diogo Haddad Santos, MD (Moema)	Dr. Haddad Santos has nothing to disclose.

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