Abstract Details

Title GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Brain Tumors: A Real-world Propensity-matched Cohort Study

Topic Neuro-oncology

Presentation(s) S28 - Neuro-oncology: Clinical and Practice Updates (5:18 PM-5:30 PM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 010

Objective

To evaluate whether GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy is associated with improved neurological outcomes, including mortality, seizure incidence, and ICU admissions in adults with primary brain tumors.

Background

GLP-1RAs have demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects beyond glycemic control. However, their impact on clinical outcomes in patients with primary brain tumors has not been well studied, and real-world evidence is lacking.

Design/Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Research Network. Adults (≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, or metabolic syndrome and a diagnosis of primary brain tumors (ICD-10 C71.x, Z85.841) were identified. Patients receiving GLP-1RAs (n = 1,814) were compared with propensity score–matched controls not on these agents (n = 1,777 per group after 1:1 matching). Matching accounted for demographics, comorbidities, and concurrent anti-diabetic therapies. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, ICU admission, and seizure incidence, analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and risk ratio models.

Results GLP-1RA use was associated with lower mortality (8.2% vs 33.1%; RR 0.25; 95% CI 0.21–0.29; p < 0.001), fewer ICU admissions (5.3% vs 14.8%; RR 0.36; 95% CI 0.28–0.46; p < 0.001), and reduced seizures (4.9% vs 15.5%; RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.24–0.42; p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated improved cumulative survival among GLP-1RA users (log-rank p < 0.001). Benefits were found to be consistent across sex and metabolic subgroups.

Conclusions

In adults with primary brain tumors, use of GLP-1RA is associated with reduced mortality, lower seizure burden, and decreased critical-care utilization. These findings highlight potential neuro-metabolic and neuro-protective effects of GLP-1RAs. In addition, addresses a critical knowledge gap in neuro-oncology by identifying a novel, potentially disease-modifying adjunctive therapy. However, further systematic studies are needed to confirm the efficacy, determine optimal dosing, and evaluate the safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with brain tumors.

Authors/Disclosures
Seerat Sachdeva, MD PRESENTER	Dr. Sachdeva has nothing to disclose.
Divya Singh, Student	Ms. Singh has nothing to disclose.
Iffat Ara Suchita, MD (University of New Mexico)	Dr. Suchita has nothing to disclose.

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