Abstract Details

Title Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Topic Child Neurology and Developmental Neurology

Presentation(s) P11 - Poster Session 11 (11:45 AM-12:45 PM)

Poster/Presentation
Number 8-003

Objective This updated and unprecedented systematic review aims to determine whether neuroinflammatory markers were associated with ASD.

Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted or repetitive behaviors. The pathological process of ASD is multifaceted, yet the precise neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive.

Design/Methods We systematically reviewed articles in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science from inception until November, 2024. Keywords included “Autism Spectrum Disorder”; “neuroinflammation” and "pro-inflammatory cytokines.” Abstracts were screened independently by two authors, and any discrepancies were resolved with a senior investigator. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the mean concentration differences of blood, plasma and serum biomarkers between patients with ASD and controls. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.

Results Of the 3221 articles imported for screening, 71 studies carried out between 2011 and 2023 were included. Overall, 47 neuroinflammatory biomarkers were identified. Among those, 37 pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and 10 anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Among pro-inflammatory markers, IL-1ß levels were consistently elevated in ASD compared with controls (SMD = 0.37, p < 0.01), with increases observed in both plasma (SMD = 0.24, p = 0.01) and serum (SMD = 0.55, p = 0.04). Compared with controls, plasma IFN-? (SMD = 0.35, p = 0.04) levels and IL-12 (SMD = 2.35, p < 0.01) were also elevated in ASD . Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, significant increases in IL-4 levels were found in both plasma (SMD = 0.25, p = 0.03) and plasma and serum samples (SMD = 0.30, p < 0.01).

Conclusions A myriad of neuroinflammatory biomarkers were altered in ASD patients, with 11 exhibiting statistical significance for ASD. Our findings indicate that neuroinflammatory biomarkers may be a pivotal neurobiological pathway in ASD. Further studies may elucidate the interplay between neuroinflammatory processes, genetic predispositions, and environmental triggers could pave the way for improved outcomes for individuals with ASD.

Authors/Disclosures
Mariana Letícia d. Maximiano, MD PRESENTER	Dr. Maximiano has nothing to disclose.
Anderson S. Corin	Mr. Corin has nothing to disclose.
Maria Clara M. de S. Lima, Medical Studant	Ms. de S. Lima has nothing to disclose.
Vitoria Palazoni Viegas	Dr. Palazoni Viegas has nothing to disclose.
Adil Ahmed, MBBS (Tajabad Board Bazar)	Mr. Ahmed has nothing to disclose.
hellen g. mota, MS	Ms. mota has nothing to disclose.
Beatriz Gerente, Medical Student	Miss Gerente has nothing to disclose.
Soraya P. Bussiki	Miss Bussiki has nothing to disclose.
Wagner Rios-Garcia	Mr. Rios-Garcia has nothing to disclose.
Diogo Haddad Santos, MD (Moema)	Dr. Haddad Santos has nothing to disclose.
Wyllians V. Borelli, MD, PhD	Prof. Borelli has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Novo Nordisk. Prof. Borelli has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Eli Lilly. Prof. Borelli has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Eli Lilly. Prof. Borelli has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Prof. Borelli has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for masima.

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