Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the major endemic infectious diseases in Brazil in the 21st century. In some cases, the infection spreads hematogenously from the primary pulmonary focus to other organs or manifests exclusively as extrapulmonary disease. Vulnerable populations, such as homeless individuals, people deprived of liberty, those with diabetes, and persons living with HIV/AIDS, are at greater risk of developing extrapulmonary meningoencephalic tuberculosis (TBME). This form of TB is associated with high mortality and significant neurological morbidity, including seizures, cognitive impairment, and hydrocephalus.