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Abstract Details

Rituximab Dosing and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Results from an International Modified Delphi Panel Study
Autoimmune Neurology
P1 - Poster Session 1 (12:00 PM-1:00 PM)
1-004

Identification of real-world clinical practice strategies with rituximab regimes and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) among European experts in rare neuroinflammatory diseases (NID).

Infections are frequent adverse events associated with B cell depleting therapies in NMOSD. Clinical practice involving rituximab de-escalation strategies and IgRT is diverse worldwide.

A modified Delphi panel study was conducted from June 2024 until September 2025. Panel members were experts in NID who attended the 2nd and 3rd NMOSD/MOGAD Case-based European Forums held in Tallinn and Prague. The initial voting round featured 8 questions on individual practice with rituximab and 8 questions about IgRT use in AQP4-IgG-positive and double-seronegative NMOSD.

Seventeen experts in rare NID participated in round 1. Dosing regimens for rituximab vary across countries. Over a third of panelists do not implement either rituximab dose reduction (DR) or extended interval dosing (EID) in NMOSD until infections occur. The most used rituximab DR regime to prevent infections is 500 mg once 6 monthly (47%), considering a standard maintenance regime of 1000 mg once 6 monthly. EID is largely based on CD19+ B cell counts (~65%). Patient`s age, comorbidities, baseline serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) level and prior immunosuppression were considered main risk factors for hypogammaglobulinemia and/or infections driving the decision to perform rituximab DR and/or EID. Immunoglobulin levels are monitored by 76% before start of therapy and 6 monthly thereafter. IgRT to treat secondary hypogammaglobulinemia is based on serum IgG levels (53%) and scheduled 4 weekly (35%) with 0.4 g/kg (65%). The target serum IgG level is 5 g/L for >50% panelists, but varies.

There are differences in rituximab dosing regimens and IgRT regarding infectious risk management strategies in NMOSD. Notably, there is a lack of data on such strategies, and more research is warranted to inform evidence-based clinical practice recommendations.

Authors/Disclosures
Jacqueline Palace (John Radcliff Hospital Oxford Univeristy Hospitals Trust)
PRESENTER 		Dr. Palace has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck Serono, Medimmune, Argenx, Janssen, AMgen, UCB, Roche, Novartis, Amplo, Alexion, . Dr. Palace has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Argenx, Sanofi. Dr. Palace has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche, UCB, Alexion, Amgen. Dr. Palace has or had stock in Astra Zenica. The institution of Dr. Palace has received research support from Roche, AMPLO, Alexion, UCB,. argenx, amgen. Dr. Palace has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care.
Antonia Lefter The institution of Miss Lefter has received research support from European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS).
Tania Kuempfel, MD (Institut for Klinische Neuroimmunologie) Dr. Kuempfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Kuempfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for UCB Pharma. Dr. Kuempfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Kuempfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Kuempfel has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen/Horizon.
Zsolt L. Illes, MD, PhD Prof. Illes has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi. Prof. Illes has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche.
Friedemann Paul (Charite Universitatsmedizin in Berlin) Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Hexal. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Hexal. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Hoffmann-La Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb GmbH & Co. KGaA (BMS. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Hexal. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Teva. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Horizon Therapeutics GmbH. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Hexal. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for sanofi. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche . Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for F&U Confirm. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb GesmbH. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for MICE Service. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for VINDICO medical education. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for UCB. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sanofi. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Beijing Novartis. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Sandoz Internation GmbH. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche Thailand. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche . Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Paul has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Neurology, Neuroimmunology&Neuroinflammation.
Georgina Arrambide, MD, PhD (Cemcat, Vall d´Hebron University Hospital) The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for UCB. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Platform Adaptive Trial for remyelination and neuroprotection in mUltiple Sclerosis (PLATYPUS) . The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Sage. The institution of Dr. Arrambide has received research support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with Novartis. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with Roche. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with ECTRIMS. Dr. Arrambide has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Travel support for scientific meetings with EAN. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the Executive Committee with iWiMS that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the steering committee with BioMS-eu that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the steering group with MOGAD Eugene Devic European Network (MEDEN) that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the editorial and scientific committee with Acta Neurológica Colombiana that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Arrambide has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of the steering committee with CURE-MS that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.
Orhan Aktas, MD (Neurologische Klinik) Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen/Horizon. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Mitsubish Tanake. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for AstraZeneca. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Aktas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen/Horizon. The institution of Dr. Aktas has received research support from German Research Foundation. The institution of Dr. Aktas has received research support from German Ministry of Science. The institution of Dr. Aktas has received research support from Neuromyelitis optica Study Group (NEMOS).
Ayse Altintas, MD Dr. Altintas has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck . Dr. Altintas has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Deva. The institution of Dr. Altintas has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion.
Thais Armangue, MD (IDIBAPS-HClinic) Dr. Armangue has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. The institution of Dr. Armangue has received research support from ISCIII(Spanish institute of health) -PI21/00316, Marato TV3, La Caixa Research Foundadion, Pablove Foundation (689368), Torrons Vicens Foundation (PFNR0144), 2021 Invest AEP.
Gregor Brecl Jakob, MD, PhD Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Astra Zeneca. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Dr. Brecl Jakob has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Amgen.
Andrew Chan The institution of Andrew Chan has received research support from UCB. The institution of Andrew Chan has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Andrew Chan has received research support from Sanofi Genzyme.
Kumaran Deiva Kumaran Deiva has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Kumaran Deiva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Kumaran Deiva has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Kumaran Deiva has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Kumaran Deiva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Octagam. Kumaran Deiva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sqy therapeutics.
Jelena Drulovic Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck . Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Hemofarm. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for PharmaSwiss. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck . Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Actavis TEVA. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Hemofarm. Jelena Drulovic has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Medis. Jelena Drulovic has received research support from Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia.
Katrin Gross-Paju, MD, PhD (Laane-Tallinna Keskhaigla) Dr. Gross-Paju has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Gross-Paju has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Gross-Paju has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck.
Mario Habek (University of Zagreb, School of Medicine) Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Astra Zeneca. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Roche. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Astra Zeneca. An immediate family member of Mario Habek has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. The institution of Mario Habek has received research support from Croatian Science Foundation.
Maria Hastermann, MD, PhD Dr. Hastermann has nothing to disclose.
Ellen Iacobaeus, MD, PhD Dr. Iacobaeus has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. Dr. Iacobaeus has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Sanofi.
Maciej Jurynczyk, MD Dr. Jurynczyk has nothing to disclose.
Ming Jin Lim, MD Prof. Lim has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for European Journal of Paediatric Neurology .
Sara Mariotto, MD, PhD (Neurology Unit, University of Verona) Dr. Mariotto has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion, Roche, TSF, Dynamics, UCB, Amgen, Argenx AAN. The institution of Dr. Mariotto has received research support from Ministero della Salute Italiano. The institution of Dr. Mariotto has received research support from TSF. The institution of Dr. Mariotto has received research support from GJF. The institution of Dr. Mariotto has received research support from Lundbeck. The institution of Dr. Mariotto has received research support from Euroimmun. The institution of Dr. Mariotto has received research support from FISM.
Cecilia Rajda, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged) Dr. Rajda has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Dr. Rajda has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche.
Maria Ernestina Moreira Santos, MD (Hospital de Sto Antonio) Maria Ernestina Moreira Santos, MD has nothing to disclose.
Aksel Siva, MD (Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine) Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen - TR. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Ali Raif Pharmaceuticals, Turkiye. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanovel Pharmaceuticals, Turkiye. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Abdi Ibrahim Ilac - TR. Dr. Siva has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck Serono . The institution of Dr. Siva has received research support from Turkish MS Society. The institution of Dr. Siva has received research support from The Scientific and Technological Research Council Of Turkey - Health Sciences Research Grants.
Romain Marignier, MD, PhD (Lyon University Hospital) Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for UCB. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for ALEXION. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for ROCHE. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen. Dr. Marignier has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for ROCHE.
Paulus S. Rommer (AKH Wien / Univ. Klinik Fuer Neurologie) Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for biogen. The institution of Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for celgene. The institution of Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for merck. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for sanofi. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for sandoz. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Abbvie. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for almirall. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for biogen. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novartis. Dr. Rommer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck. The institution of Dr. Rommer has received research support from merck. The institution of Dr. Rommer has received research support from roche. The institution of Dr. Rommer has received research support from amicus. The institution of Dr. Rommer has received research support from biogen.
Barbara Willekens, MD, PhD, FAAN (Antwerp University Hospital) The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Biogen. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Janssen. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sanofi. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Sandoz. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Almirall . The institution of Dr. Willekens has received research support from Roche. The institution of Dr. Willekens has received research support from Janssen. Dr. Willekens has a non-compensated relationship as a Co-chair scientific panel of neuroimmunology with European Academy of Neurology that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.